High Blood Pressure - another word for `hypertension`. There is a rise and fall in blood pressure all through the day. An ideal blood pressure reading is less than 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury, which is the unit to measure blood pressure). When blood pressure remains elevated, greater than or equivalent with 140/90 mmHg, it`s considered high blood pressure. High blood pressure adds to the risk factor for strokes or heart problems.
Buffed - colloquial expression used to describe a person with good muscle size and definition.
Morbid Obesity Diet - also referred to as `after gastric bypass surgery diet`, `gastroplasty diet`, and `roux-en-y diet`. This planned diet is a severe nutritional regime followed by bariatric surgery patients. It usually limits patients to less than 800 calories per day.
Nutrition - (i) the ingestion and use of food and other nourishing material by the body; (ii) the study of food and diet.
Sucralose - the only non-caloric (non-nutritive) sweetening agent that is produced from sucrose (sugar). It is approximately 600 times sweeter and is calorie-free. Sucralose maintains stability under a wide variety of processing situations. Thus, it can be used practically in any food where regular sugar is used, which includes cooking and baking, while still retaining all of its sugar-like sweet flavor. At present, sucralose is authorized in more than 25 nations across the world as suitable for use in foods and beverages. Within the US, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has been petitioned to approve the use of sucralose in fifteen separate food and beverage categories.
Perceived Exertion - refers to how hard people FEEL they are exercising, rather than on heart rates.
Toxicology - the scientific study that deals with poisons and their effects on plant, animal, and human life.
Waist-to-Hip Ratio - a ratio that determines the level of over-weight. This ratio is considered to be a more authentic predictor of the danger of heart attack than BMI (body mass index). To compute the waist-to-hip ratio, measure the waist and hips (in inches) and divide the former by the latter. A waist-to-hip ratio under 0.8 for females and 0.9 for males is considered the normal standard. A waist-to-hip ratio that is higher than average predicts the risk of heart illness.
Lactose Intolerance - an inherited biological incapability to adequately digest the sugar present in milk and dairy products (lactose), due to a deficiency in the amount of the enzyme lactase in the small intestine. This enzyme is vital to break down lactose (a complex sugar) into its component simple sugars, glucose and galactose. Symptoms of lactose intolerance, which include abdominal cramps, flatulence, and frothy diarrhea, may get worse with age. Lactose intolerance is very common in non-Caucasian adults.
Lactose - a disaccharide (complex sugar) naturally present in milk, and also called `milk sugar`. Of all the organic sugars, lactose is the least sweet and is utilized in baby formulas and candies.
Lutein - a class of carotenoid (orange-red plant pigment) found in almost all green vegetables (and abundant in pumpkin and spinach, squash, kale and broccoli), which has a beneficial effect on the maintenance of eyesight.
Laparoscopic Gastric Banding (LapBand Surgery) - also called `adjustable lapband surgery`, `laparoscopic gastric banding`, `gastric banding`, and `adjustable gastric banding`. A surgical procedure in which an inflatable band is installed to encircle the upper stomach, dividing it into a small pouch with a small channel into the rest of the stomach. This restructuring restricts food consumption and satiates the appetite even with less food. After the lapband has been positioned, it is pumped with a salt solution. The ring is made tighter or looser over a period of time, by adding or removing saline, in order to change the dimension of the passage. This band is meant for dangerously obese people, who are at least 100 pounds above their ideal weight or those who are have a BMI of over 30, who have been unable to shed excess pounds through other methods, like a supervised diet and exercise. The ring is intended to continue to be in place permanently, but it can be detached when required. People who are implanted with the ring will have to go on a diet and exercise program to sustain lost weight. Negative side-effects could include unease or discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit, and heartburn; there may also be slippage of the band or enlargement of the sectioned-off pouch.
Recumbent Bike - a bicycle on which the rider reclines when seated, with the feet out in front and the back well supported. This bicycle is available as a stationary model that can be used indoors or a mobile model for outdoor use. It works the buttocks and backs of the thighs to a larger extent than uprights do and is distinctive from upright bicycles in supporting the back.
Sodium Nitrite - a type of salt used for curing fish and in the processing of cured meats. It works as a preserving agent and food additive that provides permanent color to processed foods. Sodium nitrite can fuse with chemical secretions found in the stomach to form nitrosamine, a carcinogenic substance.
5 a Day - denotes the dietary guideline to consume five servings of fruits and vegetables every day. The tagline, 5 A Day, was used as a promotional message in health drives to increase the quantity of fresh fruit and vegetables in modern diets.
Phentermine - drug given to suppress the appetite, which inhibits neurotransmission of brain signals and is used to treat obese individuals.
Isoflavones - a kind of estrogen-like substance present in soya beans and soy-based foods (where the two primary isoflavones are daidzein and genistein), which might alleviate the symptoms of female menopause.
Renal - a term that is related to the kidneys.
Internal Obliques - the group of muscles that run under both sides of the abdominal muscles, allowing twisting and flexing of the waist. Internal obliques are located under the external obliques.
Vastus Intermedius, Lateralis, and Medialis - the muscle group of 3 that, along with a fourth muscle, forms the quadriceps. Strong quads safeguard the knees from injury. The fourth muscle of the quads is called the `rectus femoris`. Running and hiking downhill, cycling, and skiing exercise these muscles.
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